What is BMP?
BMP is the Windows bitmap: pixel values written out with essentially no compression, which makes the files enormous and the format trivial to read. It survives in Windows tooling, embedded systems and anywhere a program wants image data without a decoder in front of it. Rows are stored bottom-up.
What is TIFF?
TIFF is the archival and print format - lossless, high bit depth, and flexible enough to hold multiple pages in one file. Scanners, publishing workflows and document archives lean on it heavily. Browsers have never displayed it, which is why it is offered here as a target rather than a source.