What is GLB?
GLB is glTF packed into a single binary file - geometry, materials, textures and a node hierarchy in one blob. It is the format the web actually uses for 3D, and the one most viewers, AR tools and game engines want.
What is STL?
STL is the language of 3D printing. It describes a surface as nothing but a heap of triangles - no colour, no texture, no structure - which is exactly as much as a slicer needs. It comes in an ASCII flavour and a binary one roughly a fifth the size.